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A* Search - Technical Overview

1. Algorithm Description: A* Search finds the shortest path from a start node to a goal node by considering both the actual cost to reach a node and a heuristic estimate of the cost to reach the goal.

2. Steps of A* Search:

• Initialize open and closed sets. Add the starting node to the open set.
• While the open set is not empty, select the node with the lowest f-score.
• If it is the goal node, reconstruct the path and return it.
• For each neighbor of the current node, calculate tentative g-scores and update if better paths are found.
• Continue until the goal node is found or the open set is empty.

3. Time Complexity: O(E), where E is the number of edges.

4. Space Complexity: O(V), where V is the number of vertices in the graph.

5. Usage: A* Search is commonly used in pathfinding and graph traversal for AI and robotics.