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Radix Sort - Technical Overview

1. Algorithm Description: Radix Sort is a non-comparative sorting algorithm that works by sorting integers digit by digit, from the least significant digit (LSD) to the most significant digit (MSD).

2. Steps of Radix Sort:

• Find the maximum number in the array to determine the number of digits.
• Perform Counting Sort for each digit, starting from the least significant digit.
• Move up to the next digit and repeat until all digits are sorted.

3. Time Complexity: O(d * (n + k)), where n is the number of elements, d is the number of digits in the maximum number, and k is the range of digits (0-9).

4. Space Complexity: O(n + k), where additional space is required for the output and count arrays.

5. Stability: Radix Sort is a stable sorting algorithm.

6. Optimizations: Radix Sort is most effective when the number of digits is much smaller than the number of elements. It is generally faster than comparison-based algorithms like QuickSort and MergeSort for sorting large numbers with a small range of digits.